comel kan antibiotics ni..

      Then, mari kita berkenalan dgn  Psychotherapeutic medicine pulak.. ofkoz ramai kat luar sana tu x penah lgi dgr nma ubat ni kan?? nak sebot pon berbelit2 lidah kan..haha..okayy lets me introduce about the Psychotherapeutic medicine  a.k.a. psikoterapi perubatan ...

Function of Each Type of Modern Medicine

Analgesics
* Analgesics are medicines that relieve pain. Examples of analgesics are 
   aspirin, paracetamol, and codeine. Analgesicsare sometimes called 
   painkillers.
* Aspirin and paracetamol are mild painkillers whereas codeineis 
   powerful painkillers.
* Analgesics relive pain but do not cure the disease.


 Aspirin 

• Pain relief and anti-inflammatory action
• The IUPAC name of aspirin is acetyl aslicylec acid. Aspirin contains two functional groups, a carboxylic acid group and the ester group. Thus, aspirin is acidic in nature.

• Uses of aspirin. Aspirin reduces fever and inflammable as well as relieves pain. Aspirin is used to :

1. Reduce fever
2. Relieve headaches, muscle aches and joint aches
3. Treat arthritis, a disease caused by inflammation of the joints. 
4. Act as an anticoagulant. It prevents the clotting of blood and reduce the risk of the heart             attack and strokes.

Paracetamol

•  Paracetamol have the following structural formula.Thus,unlike aspirin, paracetamol is neutral in nature.
• Paracetamol is similar to aspirin in its effects (that is,reduces fever and relieves pain) but it does not reduce inflammation.

• Paracetamol also reduces or relieves flu symptoms such as fever, bone aches and runny nose.

Codeine

• Codeine is an organic compound that contains the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
• b)Codeine is an analgesics and is used to relive mirror to moderate pain. Codeine is more powerful than morphine.Codeine and morphine are narcotic drugs
• c)Codeine is also used in cough mixtures for suppressing coughs.

Antibiotics : Antibacterial Medicine
1.Antibiotics are chemicals that destroy or prevent the growth of infectious microorganism.
2.Two examples of antibiotics are penicillin and streptomycin.
3.Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by bacteria.
4.Antibiotics are not effective against diseases caused by viral infections such as influenza, measles, or  small pox.


Penicillin

• Penicillin is derived from the mould Penicillium notatum.
• Penicillin are used to treat diseases, caused by bacteria,such as pneumonia, gonorrhea and syphilis.
• Penicillin is only effective on certain bacteria. For example, it cannot be used to treat tuberculosis.

Streptomycin

• The antibiotic that is effective in treating tuberculosis.

Psycho therapeutic medicines
1.Psycho therapeutic medicines are a group of drugs for treating mental or emotional illnesses.
2.Psycho therapeutic drugs can be divided into a few groups.
  Types of psycho therapeutic drugs.
  Example:

• Stimulants Caffeine, amphetamine
• Antidepressant Prozac
• Antipsychotic agents Chloropromazin

Stimulants

• Stimulants are naturally occurringor synthetic drugs that stimulate (excite) the activity of the brain and centralnervous system.
• Adrenaline is a stimulant that the body produces when itneeds to prepare for demanding or energetic activities.
• Stimulants make a person more alert, more energetic,less tired and more cheerful.
• Examples of stimulants are caffeine and amphetamines.Caffeine is a week, naturally occurring stimulant and is found on coffee, tea and Cola drinks.
• Amphetamines are strong synthetic stimulants and increase alertness and physical ability.
• Amphetamines increase the heart and respiration rates,as well as the blood pressure. As a result, it causes the body to postpone the need of sleep and can reverse,partially and temporarily, the symptoms of fatigue.

Antidepressants

• Depression is a chronic illness. Most cases of depression are caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain.
• People experiencing depression feel hopeless. They experience a loss of interest in everyday activities such as work or hobbies.
• There is a strong correlation between the amounts of special chemicals (called neurotransmitters) in the brain and a person’s mood. If these chemicals get too low, the person may feel depressed.
• Antidepressants are medicines that increase the brain’slevel of neurotransmitters, thus improving mood.
• Antidepressants make a person feel calm and sleepy.

Antipsychotic medicines

• Psychosis is the serious mental illness in which people lose touch with reality. People with psychosis may:

        * Hear voice and see things that are not really there(hallucinations)
        * Have belief that are not based on reality (delusions)

• In psychiatry, there are a number of disorders that are classified under ‘ psuchosis’, such as schizophrenias(madness), psychotic depression, mania and so on.
• Psychotic patients have extreme mood swings. Their mood changes rapidly from high spirit to deep depression.
• Antipsychotic medicines do not cure symptoms to help the person live a more normal life.

Hormone and Steroid

• Cortisone
• Prednisone